Figure 2

PSY induces cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ increases and mitochondrial depolarization. Representative traces of cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ (green lines) and mitochondrial potential (red lines) kinetics upon PSY 10 μM administration (t=0; black arrows) (n=3, >25 analyzed cells). Fluo-3 and time-lapse fluorescence imaging of representative cells are reported below the traces. (a) Apoptotic Ca²⁺ dysregulation: PSY induces a first Ca²⁺ peak (t=5–8 min), and a second, more protracted, Ca²⁺ elevation before cell lysis (blue arrow). The mitochondrial potential shows a first hyper-polarization followed by progressive leak until cell lysis. (b) Necrotic Ca²⁺ dysregulation: only the first Ca²⁺ peak is present, coupled with fast mitochondrial depolarization until cell lysis that, in this case, occurred at t=13 min