Targeting the PD1 and PDL1 immune checkpoint axis has paved the way for a new era of clinical care in cancer. Of the existing immuno-oncology (IO) agents in clinical development, anti-PD1 and anti-PDL1 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have achieved the most success. Indeed, there are ten approved anti-PD1/PDL1 mAbs in the global market, six of which are approved by the FDA. To date, these mAbs have garnered a total of 67 FDA approvals across 17 different cancer types and two tissue-agnostic conditions. This report summarizes the current landscape of anti-PD1/PDL1 mAb clinical trials and the challenges in patient recruitment.

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