Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
Klein R, Klien BEK, Moss SE, et al.: The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopath: 2. Prevalence and risk of diabetic retinopathy when age at diagnosis is less than 30 years. Arch Ophthalmol 1984, 102: 520.
Rand LI, Krolewski AS, Aiello LM, Wassam JH, et al.: Multiple factors in the prediction of risk of proliferative retinopathy. New Eng J Med 1985, 313: 1433.
Teuscher A, Schnell H, Wilson PWT : Incidence of diabetic retinopathy and relationship to baseline plasma glucose and blood pressure. Diabetes Care 1988, 11: 246.
Kohner EM, McLeod D, Marshall J : Diabetic retinopathy. In: Complications of Diabetes p 14-95. Ed. Jarrett RJ, Keen H. Pub.: Edward Arnold 1982.
Caird FI, Burditt AF, Draper GJ : Diabetic retinopathy, a further study of prognosis for vision. Diabetes 1968, 17: 121.
The Diabetic Retinopathy Study Group. Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 1976, 81: 383.
Takohoshi K, Brooks RA, Kanse SE, et al.: Production of endothelin 1 by cultured bovine retinal endothelial cells. Diabetes 1989, 38: 1220.
Orlidge A and D'Amore PA : Inhibition of capillary endothelial cell growth by pericyte and smooth muscle cells. J Cell Biol 1987, 105: 1455.
Antonelli-Orlidge A, Saunders KB, Smith SR, D'Amore PA : An activated form of transforming growth factor B is produced by cocultures of endothelial cells and pericytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989, 86: 4544.
Kador PF, Akagi Y, Terubayashi H, et al.: Prevention of pericyte ghost formation in retinal capillaries of galactose fed dogs by aldose reductase inhibitors. Arch Ophthalmol 1988, 106: 1099.
Hyer SL, Sharp PS, Brooks RA, et al.: A two-year follow-up study of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in diabetic retinopathy. Metabolism 1989, 38: 586.
Hyer SL, Sharp PS, Brooks RA, et al.: Serum IGF-1 concentration in diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic Medicine 1988, 5: 356.
Grant M, Russel B, Fitzgerald C, et al.: Insulin like growth factor in the vitreous. Diabetes 1986, 35: 416.
Lee FS, Saltsman A, Ohashi H, et al.: Activation of protein kinase-C by elevation of glucose concentration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989, 86: 1541.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kohner, E. The natural history of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Eye 5, 222–225 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1991.37
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.1991.37
This article is cited by
-
Therapie der proliferativen diabetischen Retinopathie
Der Diabetologe (2018)