Predictors of Undiagnosed Renal Artery Stenosis among Japanese Patients with Risk Factors of Atherosclerosis

Abstract

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) is a significant cause of end stage renal dysfunction (ESRD) among the elderly. Although early detection of ARAS and induction of adequate treatment could reduce the incidence of ESRD, there have been few reports about parameters predictive of ARAS among Japanese. In this study, we investigated the clinical indicators that predict ARAS among Japanese with risk factors of atherosclerosis (>40 years of age plus hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus). After eliminating the patients who had already been diagnosed with renal artery stenosis, 202 patients were enrolled. The renal arteries of all 202 patients were evaluated by magnetic resonance arteriography (MRA), and the stenoses with >50% reduction in diameter at the ostium of the renal artery were defined as ARAS. MRA detected ARAS in 42 patients (31 hemilateral and 11 bilateral). Between the patients with and without ARAS there was no significant difference in gender distribution, detection of abdominal vascular bruits or smoking habit. The prevalences of diabetic, hypertensive and cerebrovascular comorbidity were also not significantly different. The mean blood pressure, body mass index and total serum cholesterol values were similar between the two groups. However, age, pulse pressure, serum uric acid, serum creatinine, amount of urinary protein, and coronary artery comorbidity were significantly higher, while estimated creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the patients with ARAS than in those without ARAS. A high prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy was also noted among patients with ARAS. Multivariate analysis revealed that older age and renal impairment were independent predictors of ARAS in Japanese patients with atherosclerotic risk factors.