Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the subjects who participated in the 1-day health evaluation program held by the Okinawa General Health Maintenance Association categorized by heart ratea

From: Effect of heart rate on the risk of developing metabolic syndrome

 

Men

 

Women

 

Variables

Quartile 1 n=863

Quartile 2 n=995

Quartile 3 n=1013

Quartile 4 n=918

P-value

Quartile 1 n=641

Quartile 2 n=574

Quartile 3 n=668

Quartile 4 n=609

P-value

Age (years)

46 (10)

47 (10)

47 (9)

48 (10)

0.0023

50 (10)

50 (9)

50 (10)

50 (10)

NS

Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

117 (14)

119 (14)

121(15)

123 (16)

<0.0001

114 (16)

114 (15)

117 (18)

122 (17)

<0.0001

Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)

73 (10)

75 (10)

76 (10)

77 (10)

<0.0001

69 (10)

70 (9)

71 (10)

74 (10)

<0.0001

Body mass index (kg m−2)

23.5 (2.5)

23.9 (2.5)

23.9 (2.5)

23.7 (2.8)

0.0064

22.7 (2.7)

23.2 (3.1)

22.9 (2.7)

23.0 (3.0)

NS

Hematocrit (%)

43.8 (2.7)

44.2 (2.7)

44.2 (2.6)

44.6 (2.9)

<0.0001

38.3 (2.9)

38.3 (2.9)

38.5 (3.0)

38.6 (3.2)

NS

Total cholesterol (mg per 100 ml)

200 (33)

201 (31)

205 (35)

204 (33)

<0.0001

208 (36)

209 (39)

208 (35)

209 (36)

NS

HDL cholesterol (mg per 100 ml)

56 (13)

55 (13)

54 (13)

54 (13)

0.0263

65 (14)

64 (14)

63 (14)

64 (13)

NS

Triglycerides (mg per 100 ml)

124 (75)

131 (71)

146 (88)

149 (103)

<0.001

91 (48)

92 (43)

94 (47)

97 (49)

NS

Fasting plasma glucose (mg per 100 ml)

99 (10)

100 (14)

101 (14)

103 (20)

<0.0001

95 (8)

96 (14)

96 (11)

99 (15)

<0.0001

 Number of metabolic syndrome components

0.9 (0.8)

1.0 (0.8)

1.1 (0.8)

1.2 (0.8)

<0.0001

0.6 (0.8)

0.7 (0.8)

0.7 (0.8)

0.8 (0.8)

<0.0001

 Obesity (%)

25

29

28

28

NS

18

24

19

21

0.0371

 Raised blood pressure (%)

23

28

31

35

<0.0001

20

20

26

36

<0.0001

 Raised plasma glucose (%)

8

9

10

14

<0.0001

4

4

4

8

0.0003

 Raised triglycerides (%)

23

26

34

32

<0.0001

8

8

12

9

NS

 Low HDL cholesterol (%)

7

7

7

6

NS

11

14

14

11

NS

  1. Abbreviations: b.p.m., beats per minute; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NS, non-significant.
  2. a Values are expressed as percentages, means (s.d.); Quartile 1 (b.p.m.⩽57: men, n=863; b.p.m.⩽60: women, n=641), Quartile 2 (58⩽b.p.m.⩽63: men, n=995; 61⩽b.p.m.⩽65: women, n=574), Quartile 3 (64⩽b.p.m.⩽69: men, n=1013; 66⩽b.p.m.⩽72: women, n=668) and Quartile 4 (70⩽b.p.m.: men, n=918; 73⩽b.p.m.: women, n=609); Obesity=body mass index ⩾25 kg m−2; raised blood pressure=systolic blood pressure ⩾130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ⩾85 mm Hg or antihypertensive drug use; raised plasma glucose=fasting plasma glucose ⩾110 mg per 100 ml or antidiabetic drug use; raised triglycerides=triglycerides >150 mg per 100 ml; low HDL cholesterol.
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