Table 6 Comparison of clinical characteristics at first and second CAVI tests and percent change in risk status from the first to second CAVI test in patients with and without future CVD

From: Serial assessment of arterial stiffness by cardio-ankle vascular index for prediction of future cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease

 

Patients with CVD events (n=28)

Patients without CVD events (n=183)

P-value

Clinical characteristics at first CAVI test

 Age, years

66±8

65±10

0.4

 Male, n (%)

13 (48)

105 (57)

0.4

 Hypertension, n (%)

22 (81)

131 (72)

0.3

 Hyperlipidemia, n (%)

22 (81)

119 (65)

0.1

 Diabetes, n (%)

21 (78)

93 (51)

0.01

 Multi-vessel CAD, n (%)

15 (56)

63 (34)

0.03

 Systolic BP, mm Hg

146±29

144±22

0.7

 Diastolic BP, mm Hg

84±11

84±10

0.7

 Heart rate, b.p.m.

72±11

69±13

0.2

 Body mass index, kg m–2

24.8±3.7

24.2±2.7

0.4

 LDL cholesterol, mg dl–1

122±28

116±33

0.5

 HDL cholesterol, mg dl–1

50±10

50±13

0.9

 Fasting glucose, mg dl–1

126±28

130±40

0.6

 HbA1c, %

6.8±0.9

6.3±0.9

0.003

 CRP, mg l–1

1.6±1.0

1.6±1.9

0.9

 Mean IMT, mm

0.87±0.17

0.86±0.19

0.8

 First ba-PWV, m s–1

17.3±2.8

17.1±2.7

0.7

 First CAVI

10.07±0.76

9.94±0.71

0.4

Clinical characteristics at second CAVI test

 Systolic BP, mm Hg

138±20

141±21

0.5

 Diastolic BP, mm Hg

83±8

83±9

0.9

 Heart rate, b.p.m.

72±10

68±11

0.05

 Body mass index, kg m–2

24.3±4.4

23.6±3.1

0.3

 LDL cholesterol, mg dl–1

110±33

98±25

0.1

 HDL cholesterol, mg dl–1

51±15

52±12

0.8

 Fasting glucose, mg dl–1

117±26

122±32

0.4

 HbA1c, %

6.5±0.8

6.1±0.7

0.03

 CRP, mg l–1

1.3±1.3

1.1±1.2

0.4

 Mean IMT, mm

0.87±0.17

0.86±0.19

0.8

 Second ba-PWV

18.2±3.1

16.9±3.0

0.03

 Second CAVI

10.55±0.83

9.89±0.87

<0.001

Percent change in risk status from first to second CAVI test

 Systolic BP, %

−5.8±14

−3.8±19

0.6

 Diastolic BP, %

−0.3±11

0.9±10

0.6

 Heart rate, %

1.6±14

−1.1±11

0.3

 Body mass index, kg m–2, %

−1.0±4.0

−2.8±8.4

0.3

 Current smoker, n

−3

−14

—

 LDL cholesterol, %

−9.3±18

−10±28

0.9

 HDL cholesterol, %

3.6±25

6.2±14

0.6

 Fasting glucose, %

−4.9±18

−3.0±21

0.6

 HbA1c, %

−3.8±10

−1.3±9.1

0.2

 CRP, %

−8.0±70

−13±56

0.7

 Δ mean IMT, %

4.9±18

3.2±25

0.7

 Δ ba-PWV, %

6.5±14

−1.0±12

<0.001

 Δ CAVI, %

4.9±6.8

−0.5±5.9

<0.001

 Persistently impaired CAVI, n (%)

21 (78)

84 (46)

0.002

  1. Abbreviations: ba-PWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; BP, blood pressure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CAVI, cardio-ankle vascular index; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; Hb, hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IMT, intima-media thickness; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
  2. Values are mean±s.d. or n (percentage).
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