Table 1 Clinical characteristics, serum and urinary electrolytes and plasma renin activity of hypertensive patients with stages I–III CKD and without kidney disease (no CKD)

From: Plasma aldosterone and its relationship with left ventricular mass in hypertensive patients with early-stage chronic kidney disease

 

Overall CKD subjects (n=195)

CKD I (n=97)

CKD II (n=73)

CKD III (n=25)

No CKD (n=82)

ANOVA or χ2 test (P)a

Gender (males) (%)

61

63

64

42

60

0.23

Age (years)

45.6±12.3

40.4±10.5°°°,*

50.1±12.1^

52.2±11.3^

44.1±12.8

<0.001

Current smokers (%)

29

32

28

25

30

0.84

Subjects previously treated for hypertension (%)

52

43

58

64

52

0.153

Duration of hypertension (months)

24 (12–96)

18 (11.5–49.5)

24 (12–158)

60 (10.5–186)

38 (12–84)

0.195

Body mass index (Kg m−2)

29.2±5.5

29.3±5.7

29.6±5.7

27.6±4.0

28.3±3.9

0.081

Waist circumference (cm)

100.4±14.7^^

100.7±14.9

102.1±14.6^

94.6±13.7

95.9±11

0.008

Total cholesterol (mg dl−1)

202.7±40.3

195.9±37.5

209.4±38.3

208.9±52.5

205.6±46.7

0.159

HDL cholesterol (mg dl−1)

46.9±11.9

46.1±11.6

48.2±11

45.3±15.9

45.8±10.2

0.516

Triglycerides (mg dl−1)

119 (80–178)

122.5 (79–186)

111 (82.5–166.5)

113 (91.8–105.3)

117 (96.8–177.5)

0.484

LDL cholesterol (mg dl−1)

131.2±38.6

124.6±33.9

136.1±35.4

142.2±56.7

135.6±42.9

0.093

Glycaemia (mg dl−1)

96.6±17.1

94.8±16.3

100.0±18.5

93.7±15.2

99.1±29.4

0.292

Serum uric acid (mg dl−1)

5.6±1.4^^^

5.3±1.5°°

5.4±1.2^^

6.4±1.3^^^

4.7±1.4

<0.0001

Serum creatinine (mg dl−1)

0.97±0.26^^^

0.8±0.14°°°

1.0±0.1^^^

1.4±0.4^^^

0.80±0.15

<0.0001

Estimated GFR (ml min−1 per 1.73 m2)

89.3±19.9^^^

109.3±10.3°°°

80.0±6.6^^^

50.8±11.0^^^

104.9±10,5

<0.0001

Albumin excretion rate (μg min−1)

34.2 (25–61.7)^^^

41.5 (28–73.9)^^^

36.6 (26–58.6)^^^

11.2 (5–45.5)^^^

7.2 (4.3–10.6)

<0.0001

Serum potassium (mEq l−1)

4.22±0.37

4.21±0.32

4.14±0.40

4.37±0.54

4.22±0.40

0.087

Serum sodium (mEq l−1)

140.3±2.9

140.8±2.4

140.9±2.6

140.5±2.6

140.8±2. 5

0.924

Urinary potassium (mEq l−1)

50.3±12.6

51.2±12.6

50.3±13.2

49.3±11.9

48.7±14.1

0.635

Urinary sodium (mEq l−1)

151.4±23.1

152.8±24.2

149.9±23.6

151.5±21.6

150.8±23.5

0.876

Plasma renin activity (ng ml−1 h−1)

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.4 (0.2–0.8)

0.3 (0.16–0.8)

0.45 (0.11–1.25)

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

0.457

  1. Abbreviaitons: ANOVA, analysis of variance; CKD, chronic kidney disease; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.
  2. aThese tests were performed to assess the differences among four groups: the control group without CKD (no CKD), and the groups represented by the three stages of CKD.
  3. ^P<0.05; ^^P<0.01; ^^^P<0.001 vs. No CKD; °P<0.05; °°P<0.01; °°°P<0.001 vs. CKD3; *P<0.001 vs. CKD2.
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