Table 1 The table lists the different genes whose function is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes

From: Effect of intrauterine growth retardation on liver and long-term metabolic risk

Model

Tissue

Gene

Gene function

Epigenetic change

IUGR rats22

Liver

PPAR-γ coactivator

Transcriptional coactivator of key gluconeogenic enzymes

H3K9 hyperacetylation affecting association with gene promoter

IUGR rats22

Liver

CPT-I

Rate-limiting transporter in mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation

H3K9 hyperacetylation affecting association with gene promoter

IUGR rats23

Pancreatic islets

PDX-1

Transcription factor critical for β-cell function and development

H3 and H4 deacetylation, H3K4 demethylation, H3K9 methylation

IUGR rats24

Skeletal muscle

GLUT4

Glucose transporter

H3K14 de-acetylation; H3K9 methylation

IUGR rats25

Pancreatic islets

CGH-1

Role in endothelial dysfunction and β-cell development

CpG hypermethylation in intergenic sequences

IUGR rats25

Pancreatic islets

FGFR-1

Fibroblast growth factor receptor

CpG hypomethylation in intergenic sequences

IUGR rats25

Pancreatic islets

PCSK-5

Role in peptide processing and maturation

CpG hypermethylation in transcription start site

Humans35

Blood

IGF-II

Fetal growth

CpG hypomethylation

  1. Abbreviations: CGH-1, GTP cyclohydrolase 1; CPT-I, carnitine–palmitoyl transferase I; FGFR-1, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; IGF-II, insulin-like growth factor-II; IUGR, intrauterine growth-retarded; PCSK-5, proprotein convertase subtilisin/ketin type 5; PDX-1, pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1; PPAR-γ coactivator, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator.
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