Figure 2

The chemical structure of 4βHWE (a), the effect of withanolides on the production of MCP-1 induced by the adipocyte and macrophage coculture (b) and the effect of withanolides on the viability of 3T3-L1 adipocytes (c), RAW264.7 macrophages (d) and cocultured cells (e). Values are presented as the mean±s.e.m. of three well determinations. * represents P<0.001 and ** represents P<0.0001; these asterisks indicate statistically significant differences when relative to the treatment, as identified through a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s test. NS, not significant.