Figure 1 | International Journal of Oral Science

Figure 1

From: Regular nicotine intake increased tooth movement velocity, osteoclastogenesis and orthodontically induced dental root resorptions in a rat model

Figure 1

Adult orthodontic patient with a long-term consumption of more than 10 cigarettes per day, requiring an orthodontic correction of the dental deep bite and misaligned first upper incisor. (a) Intraoral view; (b) panoramic radiograph of the dentition and alveolar jaw bone. The gingival tissue shows signs of inflammation and a general horizontal periodontal bone loss due to a chronic nicotine-induced periodontitis is evident.

Back to article page