Table 3 Results from two-pollutant models.a

From: Short-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and daily mortality in London, UK

Pollutant (IQR, μg/m3)

Adjustment

Mortality% (95% CI)

  

Total

Cardiovascular

Respiratory

NOX (41.6)

None

−0.43 (−1.24, 0.40)

−1.29 (−2.72, 0.17)

−0.04 (−1.96, 1.91)

 

O3

−0.09 (−1.03, 0.86)

−0.47 (−2.11, 1.20)

0.54 (−1.64, 2.76)

 

SO2

0.05 (−0.94, 1.06)

−0.75 (−2.50, 1.03)

1.01 (−1.40, 3.48)

 

PM2.5

0.05 (−0.99, 1.10)

−0.82 (−2.67, 1.07)

0.42 (−2.02, 2.92)

CO (0.2 mg/m3)

None

−0.79 (−1.63, 0.04)

−1.47 (−2.94, 0.01)

0.41 (−1.62, 2.48)

 

EC (PM10)b

−0.75 (−1.59, 0.09)

−1.42 (−2.91, 0.09)

0.43 (−1.62, 2.53)

 

O3

−0.60 (−1.50, 0.30)

−0.87 (−2.44, 0.72)

0.90 (−1.29, 3.15)

 

SO2

−0.52 (−1.47, 0.43)

−0.96 (−2.63, 0.73)

0.95 (−1.39, 3.35)

EC (0.8)

None

0.03 (−0.84, 0.90)

−0.90 (−2.43, 0.66)

1.52 (−0.59, 3.68)

 

PM10

0.45 (−0.58, 1.49)

−0.47 (−2.30, 1.40)

2.66 (0.11, 5.28)

 

PM10+CO

1.57 (0.18, 2.98)

0.64 (−1.82, 3.16)

3.20 (−0.25, 6.77)

 

PM10+O3

0.67 (−0.40, 1.75)

0.11 (−1.79, 2.04)

3.06 (0.42, 5.76)

 

PM10+SO2

0.73 (−0.36, 1.84)

−0.19 (−2.13, 1.78)

3.17 (0.43, 5.98)

BC (1.0)

None

−0.28 (−1.09, 0.55)

−1.30 (−2.72, 0.14)

1.28 (−0.67, 3.27)

 

PM2.5

0.47 (−0.63, 1.58)

−0.83 (−2.75, 1.13)

2.72 (0.09, 5.42)

 

PM2.5+CO

1.76 (0.17, 3.36)

−0.10 (−2.81, 2.69)

3.98 (0.15, 7.95)

 

PM2.5+O3

0.63 (−0.50, 1.78)

−0.32 (−2.29, 1.70)

3.20 (0.49, 5.99)

 

PM2.5+SO2

0.55 (−0.61, 1.73)

−0.71 (−2.74, 1.35)

3.70 (0.86, 6.62)

Cu (0.008)

None

−0.35 (−1.25, 0.56)

−1.24 (−2.81, 0.35)

0.73 (−1.44, 2.95)

 

PM10

−0.05 (−1.14, 1.05)

−0.94 (−2.85, 1.00)

1.53 (−1.14, 4.27)

 

PM10+CO

0.43 (−0.84, 1.71)

−0.19 (−2.39, 2.06)

1.11 (−1.96, 4.27)

 

PM10+O3

0.16 (−0.96, 1.30)

−0.46 (−2.40, 1.53)

1.81 (−0.92, 4.61)

 

PM10+SO2

0.17 (−0.96, 1.31)

−0.79 (−2.76, 1.22)

1.76 (−1.02, 4.62)

Zn (0.009)

None

−0.36 (−1.05, 0.34)

−1.39 (−2.60, −0.17)

−0.44 (−2.13, 1.28)

 

PM10

−0.12 (−1.06, 0.83)

−1.58 (−3.25, 0.12)

−0.34 (−2.83, 1.84)

 

PM10+CO

0.08 (−0.91, 1.08)

−1.25 (−3.00, 0.52)

−0.74 (−3.18, 1.77)

 

PM10+O3

0.02 (−0.94, 0.98)

−1.34 (−3.02, 0.37)

−0.21 (−2.57, 2.22)

 

PM10+SO2

0.02 (−0.95, 1.01)

−1.38 (−3.10, 0.37)

−0.31 (−2.74, 2.17)

Al (0.062)

None

−0.04 (−0.94, 0.87)

−0.50 (−2.02, 1.04)

0.62 (−1.54, 2.82)

 

PM10

0.58 (−0.62, 1.80)

0.38 (−1.70, 2.50)

1.77 (−1.18, 4.81)

 

PM10+CO

0.65 (−0.58, 1.89)

0.40 (−1.67, 2.52)

1.75 (−1.21, 4.80)

 

PM10+O3

0.48 (−0.73, 1.70)

−0.02 (−2.11, 2.12)

1.84 (−1.17, 4.94)

 

PM10+SO2

0.71 (−0.52, 1.95)

0.34 (−1.77, 2.50)

1.87 (−1.18, 5.01)

  1. Abbreviations: Al, Aluminium; BC, black carbon; CI, confidence interval; CO, carbon monoxide; Cu, copper, EC, elemental carbon; IQR, interquartile range; NOX, oxides of nitrogen; O3, ozone; PM, particulate matter; PM2.5, mass of particles with diameter <2.5 microns; PM10, mass of particles with diameter <10 microns; SO2, sulphur dioxide; Zn, zinc.
  2. Percent change in mortality (and 95% CIs) associated with an IQR increase in traffic-related (lag 1 for total and cardiovascular and lag 2 for respiratory mortality) in London, United Kingdom, for 1 January 2011–22 December 2012.
  3. bAdjusted for PM mass.
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