Figure 10

Summary scheme of genistein effects on synovial fibroblasts. In summary, genistein may have several anti-inflammatory effects on synovial fibroblasts: (a) through inhibition of TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 (Figure 2c and d); (b) through leptin inhibition (Figure 8c); and (c) through the induction of adipogenesis that may per se speed down synovial fibroblast proliferation (Figures 1b and 4a). (d) In addition, in concomitant treatment of synovial fibroblasts with glucocorticoid, genistein enhanced adipogenesis (Figure 4a), and downregulated leptin (Figure 6c), whereas TNF-α-induced IL-6 and IL-8 are further downregulated compared with glucocorticoid effect without genistein (Figure 6a and b).