Table 1 Mucosal diseases associated with quantitative or qualitative changes in T-bet

Asthma

Absent⁹⁷

Spontaneous asthma

Mouse

Reduced^{97, 104}

Reduced expression in T cells from airways and peripheral blood in patients with asthma

Human

Genetic polymorphism^{105, 106, 107}

Increased risk of asthma and predictor of response to GC therapy

Human

Pulmonary TB

Absent⁶

Increased susceptibility

Mouse

IBD

Absent⁵

Resistance to Th1 models of colitis and heightened susceptibility to Th2 model of colitis

Mouse

Absent in innate immune cells⁶³

Spontaneous TNFα-dependent colitis

Mouse

Over-expression⁵

Heightened susceptibility to Th1 model of colitis

Mouse

Increased^{5, 51, 52}

Elevated T-bet expression in gut lamina propria T cells from patients with Crohn's disease

Human

Celiac disease

Increased^{53, 58}

Elevated T-bet expression in duodenal biopsies and peripheral blood T cells, monocytes and B cells in patients with celiac disease

Human

Periodontitis

Increased^{82, 83}

Increased T-bet expression in lesions from patients with active disease

Human

Oral GvHD

Increased⁹⁰

Increased T-bet expression in CD8⁺ T cells in oral lesions

Human

Helicobacter infection

Absent¹¹⁹

Resistance to Helicobacter felis induced gastritis and gastric adenocarcinoma

Mouse

Colorectal cancer

Increased¹¹²

Increased expression of T-bet in CRC specimens was associated with a favorable prognosis

Human

Absent in innate immune cells⁶⁴

Drives colitis-associated CRC

Mouse

Genital HSV infection

Absent¹¹

Increased susceptibility to infection

Mouse

Genetic polymorphism¹²³

Increased susceptibility

Human

HPV infection and cervical neoplasia

Increased¹¹³

Increased T-bet expression in tumor-infiltrating T-cells was associated with a favorable prognosis

Human