Figure 2
Cytokine production by invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in the blood and gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). Cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin before intracellular staining for cytokines. (a) The gates were set using unstimulated controls, representative staining for interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10. Percentage of iNKT cells producing (b) IFNγ (controls: blood, n=8 and GALT, n=9 and HIV-infected subjects: blood, n=16 and GALT, n=15), (c) TNF (controls: blood, n=8 and GALT, n=9 and HIV-infected subjects: blood, n=16 and GALT, n=13), (d) IL-4 (controls: blood and GALT, n=7 and HIV-infected subjects: blood and GALT, n=13) and (e) IL-10 (controls: blood and GALT, n=7 and HIV-infected subjects: blood and GALT, n=15). *P<0.05 and **P<0.01. PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell; SSC, side scatter.
