Figure 5
Change in microbiota in HIV-infected individuals and associations with invariant natural killer T (iNKT) frequency and function. Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests were performed comparing gut mucosal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) abundances between HIV-infected subjects undergoing antiretroviral (ART) and uninfected subjects. OTUs with P<0.15 are shown including taxonomic families to which each OTU belongs. (a) Wilcoxon’s V-statistics (y axis) provide nonparametric enrichment/depletion information, and unadjusted P-values are depicted by point sizes. (b) Abundance of all detected OTUs within the Bacteroides genus were compared with blood iNKT cell percent abundances for three subject groups (ART HIV-infected, uninfected, and all subjects combined). (b) Spearman’s ρ values depict directionality of correlation, and all OTUs with P<0.10 shown. (c) Abundance of all Bacteroides OTUs were compared with gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) iNKT cell percent abundances for the same subject groups (P<0.10 shown). Spearman’s correlations were performed comparing all Bacteroides OTU relative abundances and proportions of IL-4+ GALT iNKT cells following phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and ionomycin stimulation (P<0.10 shown) (d).
