Table 1 Demographic and medical characteristics of affected patients

From: Calcification of the internal elastic lamina of coronary arteries

Age

Sex

HIV status

Medical history a

Long-term medications

ARF a

CRF a

51

M

HIV+

AIDS, diffuse B-cell lymphoma, PCP, TB, hypogonadism, cryptococcal meningitis, Guillain–Barre, smoking

Extensive antiretroviral exposure,b bupropion, epoetin alfa, megestrol acetate, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, vitamin B, vitamin E, testosterone, pregabalin

+

44

F

HIV+

AIDS, vasculitis, HBV, PCP, ITP, neuropathy, cocaine use, shingles

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, decadorabolin, paroxetine, valacyclovir, testosterone, epoetin alfa

?

44

M

HIV+

AIDS, HCV, HBV, hepatic encephalopathy, PCP, anemia, seizure disorder, cocaine use, schizophrenia

Extensive antiretroviral exposure

Other: dapsone, azithromycin

42

M

HIV+

AIDS, pneumonia, wasting, HCV, cryoglobulinemia, depression, HTN

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, thiamine, folate, hydrocortisone, vitamin K, aluminum hydroxide

+

36

M

HIV+

AIDS, CNS lymphoma, PCP, KS, anemia, wasting, dementia, smoking, cocaine use, HSV, neutropenia

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

36

F

HIV+

AIDS, CMV retinitis/enteritis, MAC, pancytopenia, HCV, PCP, depression, dementia, seizure disorder, HTN, cocaine use

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, foscarnet, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, filgrastim, methadone, epoetin alfa, citalopram, phenytoin, mirtazapine

46

M

HIV+

AIDS, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, HCV, HBV

Unknown antiretroviral exposure, temazepam

39

M

HIV+

AIDS, MAC, Parvovirus B19 pancytopenia, wasting

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, lansoprazole, amitriptyline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, acyclovir, azithromycin, paroxetine, tegretol, filgrastim, nandralone, delatestryl

?

37

M

HIV+

AIDS, HBV, syphilis, wasting

No antiretroviral exposure, atovaquone, azithromycin

37

M

HIV+

AIDS, PML

Extensive antiretroviral exposure, filgrastim, atovaquone, azithromycin, venlafaxine, pantoprazole, magnesium

51

F

HIV−

Paraplegia due to HTLV-1 myelopathy, osteomyelitis of the coccyx

Citalopram, gabapentin, vitamin C, epoetin alfa, multivitamin, hydrocortisone

+

63

F

HIV−

ALS, CAD s/p stent, CHF, hypothyroidism, asthma, migraines, s/p hip replacement

Unknown

+

61

F

HIV−

ALS, CAD s/p MI, smoker, HTN, hyperlipidemia, depression

Riluzole, premarin, amitriptyline, sertraline

64

F

HIV−

ALS

Riluzole

69

F

HIV−

ALS, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, hyperlipidemia, depression, sick sinus syndrome

Oral hypoglycemics, riluzole

78

M

HIV−

Metastatic prostate cancer, myelogenous leukemia, CAD, smoker

Unknown

73

F

HIV−

ALS

Unknown

?

?

40

M

HIV−

Unknown cause of death, cocaine use

Unknown

?

?

27

M

HIV−

Unknown cause of death, no known past medical history

Unknown

  1. aMedical history: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; ARF, acute renal failure; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CMV, cytomegalovirus; CRF, chronic renal failure; HBV, hepatitis B; HCV, hepatitis C; HTLV-1, human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1; HTN, hypertension; HSV, herpes simplex virus; ITP, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura; KS, Kaposi's sarcoma; MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex; MI, myocardial infarction; PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia; PML, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy; s/p, status post.
  2. bExtensive antiretroviral exposure includes treatment with drugs from the three major antiretroviral classes over several years: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors.