Table 1 Full meta-analytic results for thickness of each structure for adult MDD patients vs controls comparison controlling for age, sex and scan center

From: Cortical abnormalities in adults and adolescents with major depression based on brain scans from 20 cohorts worldwide in the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder Working Group

	Cohen's d^a (MDD vs CTL)	s.e.	95% CI	% Difference	P-value	FDR P-value	I²	No. of controls	No. of patients
Left medial orbitofrontal cortex	−0.134	0.038	(−0.208 to −0.059)	−1.035	4.35E-04	0.015	23.025	7609	1888
Right medial orbitofrontal cortex	−0.131	0.047	(−0.224 to −0.039)	−1.102	0.006	0.035	46.981	7628	1896
Left rostral anterior cingulate cortex	−0.130	0.044	(−0.216 to −0.044)	−1.264	0.003	0.030	39.185	7656	1896
Right lateral orbitofrontal cortex	−0.120	0.048	(−0.214 to −0.026)	−0.704	0.012	0.058	48.548	7644	1902
Left fusiform gyrus	−0.117	0.030	(−0.176 to −0.058)	−0.576	9.51E-05	0.007	<0.001	7645	1896
Right inferior temporal gyrus	−0.117	0.036	(−0.188 to −0.046)	−0.633	1.29E-03	0.018	18.006	7640	1885
Right fusiform gyrus	−0.116	0.042	(−0.198 to −0.033)	−0.564	0.006	3.47E-02	34.668	7649	1898
Right insula	−0.115	0.041	(−0.195 to −0.035)	−0.624	0.005	0.035	31.271	7651	1895
Left insula	−0.111	0.034	(−0.177 to −0.045)	−0.582	9.34E-04	0.018	10.683	7652	1898
Left isthmus cingulate cortex	−0.104	0.046	(−0.194 to −0.014)	−0.797	0.024	0.100	44.546	7655	1897
Left posterior cingulate cortex	−0.099	0.030	(−0.158 to −0.04)	−0.618	0.001	0.018	0.030	7654	1900
Right rostral anterior cingulate cortex	−0.098	0.034	(−0.165 to −0.031)	−0.993	0.004	0.034	12.104	7651	1899
Right posterior cingulate cortex	−0.093	0.030	(−0.152 to −0.034)	−0.624	0.002	0.022	0.028	7654	1900
Left middle temporal gyrus	−0.090	0.031	(−0.151 to −0.028)	−0.531	0.004	0.034	2.685	7591	1822
Right middle temporal gyrus	−0.088	0.035	(−0.156 to −0.021)	−0.492	0.011	0.053	13.072	7639	1886
Right caudal anterior cingulate cortex	−0.080	0.030	(−0.139 to −0.021)	−0.892	0.008	0.041	<0.001	7655	1898
Right superior frontal gyrus	−0.078	0.034	(−0.145 to −0.011)	−0.379	0.023	0.099	12.509	7649	1900
Right banks superior temporal sulcus	−0.074	0.034	(−0.14 to −0.008)	−0.528	0.028	0.103	9.841	7613	1827
Left pars orbitalis	−0.073	0.044	(−0.158 to 0.012)	−0.533	0.094	0.212	38.655	7653	1900
Left parahippocampal gyrus	−0.072	0.033	(−0.137 to −0.007)	−0.895	0.030	0.103	8.631	7648	1896
Right isthmus cingulate cortex	−0.071	0.038	(−0.146 to 0.004)	−0.563	0.065	0.174	24.975	7651	1897
Right pars orbitalis	−0.070	0.042	(−0.152 to 0.013)	−0.501	0.100	0.212	35.595	7655	1900
Left superior frontal gyrus	−0.066	0.030	(−0.125 to −0.008)	−0.336	0.027	0.103	<0.001	7652	1899
Left inferior parietal cortex	−0.063	0.044	(−0.149 to 0.022)	−0.359	0.147	0.277	38.619	7638	1894
Left pars opercularis	−0.063	0.030	(−0.122 to −0.004)	−0.299	0.037	0.123	0.003	7655	1897
Right frontal pole	−0.062	0.036	(−0.133 to 0.009)	−0.650	0.085	0.204	18.189	7657	1899
Right parahippocampal gyrus	−0.061	0.030	(−0.12 to −0.002)	−0.665	0.042	0.134	0.010	7654	1897
Left banks superior temporal sulcus	−0.058	0.031	(−0.118 to 0.002)	−0.423	0.059	0.173	<0.001	7571	1781
Left hemisphere average thickness	−0.057	0.031	(−0.117 to 0.003)	−0.209	0.065	0.174	2.346	7658	1902
Right entorhinal cortex	−0.055	0.030	(−0.115 to 0.004)	−0.657	0.068	0.177	<0.001	7602	1862
Left pars triangularis	−0.054	0.030	(−0.112 to 0.005)	−0.326	0.074	0.185	<0.001	7651	1897
Right supramarginal gyrus	−0.053	0.044	(−0.139 to 0.032)	−0.273	0.223	0.370	38.371	7633	1874
Right transverse temporal gyrus	−0.051	0.030	(−0.11 to 0.008)	−0.413	0.088	0.204	<0.001	7622	1894
Left inferior temporal gyrus	−0.049	0.035	(−0.117 to 0.019)	−0.273	0.158	0.291	12.727	7630	1872
Right hemisphere average thickness	−0.049	0.033	(−0.113 to 0.015)	−0.179	0.135	0.263	8.061	7658	1902
Left lateral orbitofrontal cortex	−0.046	0.031	(−0.107 to 0.014)	−0.280	0.130	0.260	1.851	7638	1898
Left supramarginal gyrus	−0.045	0.037	(−0.118 to 0.027)	−0.244	0.220	0.370	19.395	7609	1864
Left caudal anterior cingulate cortex	−0.042	0.036	(−0.113 to 0.028)	−0.481	0.240	0.377	17.908	7650	1900
Right inferior parietal cortex	−0.041	0.044	(−0.127 to 0.044)	−0.235	0.343	0.501	39.065	7641	1897
Left entorhinal cortex	−0.041	0.038	(−0.115 to 0.033)	−0.471	0.276	0.420	21.951	7605	1866
Right rostral middle frontal gyrus	−0.038	0.045	(−0.127 to 0.051)	−0.183	0.401	0.561	42.738	7650	1899
Left rostral middle frontal gyrus	−0.037	0.030	(−0.096 to 0.022)	−0.178	0.224	0.370	0.467	7653	1899
Left transverse temporal gyrus	−0.035	0.030	(−0.094 to 0.024)	−0.277	0.243	0.377	<0.001	7635	1895
Right pars triangularis	−0.031	0.046	(−0.122 to 0.059)	−0.179	0.501	0.674	44.727	7645	1897
Right superior temporal gyrus	−0.031	0.030	(−0.09 to 0.029)	−0.184	0.314	0.468	<0.001	7587	1820
Left precuneus	−0.024	0.039	(−0.101 to 0.053)	−0.115	0.541	0.701	27.766	7649	1893
Left lateral occipital cortex	−0.023	0.044	(−0.109 to 0.063)	−0.131	0.605	0.756	39.881	7645	1898
Right precentral gyrus	−0.022	0.040	(−0.101 to 0.057)	−0.132	0.581	0.739	29.869	7643	1894
Left precentral gyrus	−0.020	0.031	(−0.08 to 0.04)	−0.115	0.516	0.681	2.091	7637	1895
Right pars opercularis	−0.017	0.044	(−0.103 to 0.069)	−0.087	0.694	0.823	39.291	7651	1896
Left caudal middle frontal gyrus	−0.014	0.041	(−0.094 to 0.067)	−0.069	0.741	0.844	32.111	7647	1898
Right lingual gyrus	−0.012	0.030	(−0.071 to 0.047)	−0.069	0.692	0.823	<0.001	7641	1894
Left frontal pole	−0.011	0.037	(−0.084 to 0.062)	−0.113	0.772	0.858	21.413	7656	1899
Right paracentral lobule	−0.006	0.030	(−0.064 to 0.053)	−0.031	0.854	0.910	<0.001	7651	1901
Left superior parietal cortex	−0.005	0.040	(−0.084 to 0.074)	−0.026	0.897	0.910	30.628	7645	1896
Left paracentral lobule	−0.003	0.035	(−0.072 to 0.066)	−0.017	0.932	0.932	14.789	7650	1899
Right lateral occipital cortex	0.005	0.033	(−0.06 to 0.071)	0.032	0.871	0.910	9.491	7650	1898
Right precuneus	0.005	0.032	(−0.057 to 0.068)	0.027	0.864	0.910	6.038	7646	1894
Left lingual gyrus	0.006	0.030	(−0.053 to 0.065)	0.034	0.843	0.910	0.003	7640	1895
Right caudal middle frontal gyrus	0.006	0.044	(−0.08 to 0.092)	0.032	0.889	0.910	39.270	7650	1900
Left temporal pole	0.012	0.037	(−0.06 to 0.084)	0.119	0.747	0.844	18.834	7614	1871
Left superior temporal gyrus	0.012	0.031	(−0.048 to 0.072)	0.075	0.687	0.823	0.004	7551	1806
Right temporal pole	0.013	0.038	(−0.062 to 0.088)	0.144	0.731	0.844	23.178	7631	1871
Right postcentral gyrus	0.028	0.030	(−0.031 to 0.087)	0.157	0.355	0.507	<0.001	7642	1897
Right superior parietal cortex	0.032	0.043	(−0.053 to 0.117)	0.159	0.463	0.635	38.069	7645	1895
Left postcentral gyrus	0.036	0.030	(−0.023 to 0.095)	0.200	0.227	0.370	<0.001	7630	1894
Left cuneus	0.047	0.030	(−0.012 to 0.106)	0.288	0.120	0.246	<0.001	7652	1897
Right cuneus	0.049	0.030	(−0.009 to 0.108)	0.303	0.100	0.212	0.005	7654	1896
Right pericalcarine cortex	0.081	0.059	(−0.035 to 0.198)	0.593	0.171	0.307	66.717	7633	1896
Left pericalcarine cortex	0.094	0.049	(−0.003 to 0.191)	0.662	0.057	0.173	51.503	7645	1894

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CTL, controls; FDR, false-discovery rate; MDD, major depressive disorder.
^aAdjusted Cohen's d is reported.

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Table 1 Full meta-analytic results for thickness of each structure for adult MDD patients vs controls comparison controlling for age, sex and scan center

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