Figure 1
Conditioning task and results. (a) Exemplar trial (a detailed description is provided in the main text). (b) Explicit preference scores for win, loss, shock and neutral conditioned stimuli (CSs; maximum score of 24). (c) Reaction times to respond to fixation flickers overlaid on win, loss, shock and neutral CSs. Pale-coloured bars represent major depressive disorder (MDD) patients and bright-coloured bars represent healthy volunteers (HVs). Red and black solid lines show significant differences discussed in the text for the MDD and HV groups, respectively. Beyond the results discussed in the text, there was a significant main effect of cue type in the HVs (F(2.06, 49.66)=5.28, P=0.002) and a trend in the MDD group (F(3, 72)=2.42, P=0.073). Error bars show s.e.m. *P<0.05 and **P<0.001.
