Figure 3: Diverse Crinkler (CRN) families exhibit necrosis phenotypes in planta.
From: Genome sequence and analysis of the Irish potato famine pathogen Phytophthora infestans
a, CRN family phylogeny on the basis of the conserved N-terminal sequence, computed using PhyML with default parameters and 100 bootstrap replicates. CRN C-terminal domain structures are shown along the circumference. Branches are coloured according to organism: P. infestans in blue, P. sojae in yellow, and P. ramorum in red. Internal nodes with ≥80% bootstrap support are marked with a black dot. b, Graphical representation of the CRN family domain architecture, exhibiting a conserved N-terminal region followed by diverse C-terminal domains. c, Phenotypes observed on Nicotiana benthamiana leaves upon in planta overexpression of CRN effectors. C-terminal effector domains of CRNs were tested for cell death phenotypes on N. benthamiana leaves by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transient expression of CRNs, inf1 (positive control), crn2 (positive control), and green fluorescent protein (GFP) (negative control). The domains DC, DBF, D2 and DXW-DXX-DXS, like the DXZ domain of crn2, were found to induce necrosis. Cell death phenotypes were visible at 4 days post infiltration. Photos were taken 7 days after infiltration. d, CRNs with necrosis domains D2 and DXZ along with pseudogene copies are found co-clustered across P. infestans scaffold 1.48 (∼1.2 Mb). Genes and domain structures are illustrated according to the top and bottom strands of the genomic scaffold. Pseudogenes are indicated by Ψ; non-CRN genes are shown as unfilled boxes.
