Table 1 Predictions of embryo survival

From: Evidence for male allocation in pipefish?

Experience group

Males experience, but do not mate with:

Males mate with a:

Predictions about embryo survival

   

Differential allocation

Female quality

A

Large females

Large female

+

+

B

Large females

Small female

− −

−

C

Small females

Large female

+ +

+

D

Small females

Small female

−

−

  1. Table shows an experiment separating the effects of intrinsic female quality and male differential allocation on the survival of offspring in the male brood pouch. Greater- and lesser-than-average embryo survival are indicated respectively by + and −; doubled symbols indicate further increased or decreased embryo survival.
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