Extended Data Figure 9: Box-model performance evaluation.
From: Oil sands operations as a large source of secondary organic aerosols

a, b, Measured and modelled gas-phase species during plume intercepts of F1, where only the initial conditions (t = 0) of the species are constrained by measurements. Good agreement between model and observation is achieved. c, Sensitivity of predicted SOA for F1 to changes in the oxidation rate constant and yield (all other variables remain constant). Yield refers to the SOA mass yield during the oxidative ageing. Simulations using a single oxidative rate constant and yield represent upper and lower limits to SOA formation, while the base case simulation most closely resembles measurements. Error bars represent s.d. of the measured OA (n = 7).