Extended Data Figure 5: Bitumen volatility distributions.
From: Oil sands operations as a large source of secondary organic aerosols
The volatility distribution (mass fraction) based on carbon number are for OS that was thermally treated. Volatile hydrocarbons are trapped on polyurethane foam (PUF) tubes at 50–80 °C (red). The volatility of the remaining bitumen material is shown in green (50–80 °C) and that of bitumen which was solvent extracted from the sand without heating is shown in grey. Note the complete loss of hydrocarbons in the C12–C15 range upon heating (denoted in yellow). Data are stacked upon each other for clarity. Error bars represent the s.d. of n = 3 experiments.
