Extended Data Figure 5: Release of calcein from liposomes induced by ϕ29.
From: The bacteriophage ϕ29 tail possesses a pore-forming loop for cell membrane penetration

Time-course release of calcein from liposomes induced by ϕ29 in a low- or neutral-pH buffer is shown in solid lines with blue (low pH) or red (neutral pH) triangles representing the data points. Percentages of the calcein released from the liposomes were calculated from (Fd − F0)/(Fmax − F0) where Fd is the measured fluorescence value of the low or neutral pH sample, F0 is the background fluorescence and Fmax is the maximum fluorescence value measured after adding Triton X-100 at a final concentration of 0.02% (v/v). F0 (the x axis) is generated from a linear least square fitting of the fluorescence values measured on a liposome–low-pH buffer mixture without adding the phage. The data used for the linear least square fitting of the background fluorescence are represented by green triangles. The data are expressed as the mean ± s.d. of three independent measurements.