Extended Data Figure 4: Temperature gradient response in the Kuroshio Extension region simulated by CESM and CRCM.
From: Western boundary currents regulated by interaction between ocean eddies and the atmosphere

a–c, Composite of winter-season mean meridional temperature gradient (colour scale and contours in degrees Celsius per degree latitude) averaged between 145° E and 160° E across the Kuroshio Extension Front in CTRL (a), MEFS (b) and MEFS minus CTRL (c) based on 11-year CESM simulations. The x axis is the distance from the KEJ axis at 0 defined by the latitude of winter mean maximum U and the y axis is depth. d–f, As for a–c, but for the CRCM twin ensembles.