Extended Data Figure 7: The Indian Ocean west-minus-east gradient in SST since 130 kyr ago.

Alkenone records of SST in the western Indian Ocean (core MD85668: 0° 01′ N, 46° 02′ E) (a)³⁰ and the eastern Indian Ocean (core GeoB 10038-4: 5° 56.25′ S, 103° 14.76′ E) (b)²⁹. The west-minus-east temperature gradient (IOD) derived from these two records is displayed in c.