Extended Data Figure 1: Sample sets and histological patterns of cervical cancer.

a, Summary of sample numbers and degree of overlap between the core, extended and RPPA datasets. b, Example of a large-cell non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Tongues of highly atypical polygonal neoplastic squamous cells infiltrate through a fibrotic stroma. The cells show abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with pleomorphic nuclei and prominent mitotic figures. Although the tumour cells contain abundant cytokeratin filaments, this tumour has traditionally been termed non-keratinizing because of the absence of characteristic keratin pearls. c, An example of a large-cell keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. Nests of atypical squamous cells infiltrate through a fibrotic stroma. In addition, this tumour shows highly eosinophilic keratin pearls with small, inky dark nuclei that imperfectly mimic the normal keratinization that is found in the epidermis. This differentiation pattern is aberrant in the cervix in which the squamous epithelium is normally a non-keratinizing squamous mucosa. d, An example of an endocervical adenocarcinoma (well differentiated). Closely set, atypical glands with enlarged nuclei and scattered mitotic figures infiltrate through the connective tissue of the cervix. The tall columnar tumour cells show basally placed, crowded, enlarged nuclei that show frequent mitotic figures. Compared with normal endocervical cells, the tumour cells show relative loss of intra-cytoplasmic mucin and are frequently called mucin-depleted, although most, but not all endocervical adenocarcinomas show varying amounts of intracytoplasmic mucin at least focally. e, Adenosquamous carcinoma of cervix. This tumour shows both nests of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and glands composed of tall columnar adenocarcinoma reflecting the origin of most cervical cancers in the transformation zone of the cervix in which both squamous and glandular cells normally differentiate. Despite this biphasic differentiation potential, adenosquamous carcinomas are relatively uncommon in the cervix. f, UCEC-like HPV-negative endocervical adenocarcinoma from a radical hysterectomy specimen. The endometrium in the uterus was benign. g, UCEC-like HPV-positive endocervical adenocarcinoma from a radical hysterectomy specimen. The endometrium in the uterus was benign. All samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (20×). Scale bar, 100 μm.