Abstract
Freestanding and conducting poly[poly(N-vinyl-carbazole)] (PPVK) films with good fluorescence property were synthesized electrochemically by direct anodic oxidation of poly(N-vinyl-carbazole) (PVK) in tetrahydrofuran containing boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BFEE) (12%, by volume) and Bu4NBF4 (0.05 M). The oxidation onset potential of PVK in this medium was measured to be 1.07 V vs. SCE. PPVK films obtained from this medium showed good electrochemical behavior and good thermal stability with conductivity of 10−2 S cm−1. PPVK films were black in doped state and transparent white in dedoped state. Structural studies showed that the secondary polymerization of PVK occurred at benzene ring. These polymer films had good mechanical properties, which can be easily cut into a variety of structures with a knife or a pair of scissors.
Similar content being viewed by others
Log in or create a free account to read this content
Gain free access to this article, as well as selected content from this journal and more on nature.com
or
References
“Handbook of conducting polymers,” 1st ed., T. A. Skotheim, R. L. Elsenbaumer, and J. R. Reynolds, Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986.
“Handbook of Conducting Polymers,” 2nd ed. T. A. Skotheim, R. L. Elsenbaumer, and J. R. Reynolds, Ed., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998.
“Advances in Synthetic Metals: Twenty Years of Progress in Science and Technology,” P. Bernier, S. Lefrant, and G. Bidan, Ed., Elsevier: Lausanne, Switzerland, 1999.
R. B. Kawde, N. B. Laxmeshwar, and K. S. V. Santhanam, Sens. Actuators, B, 23, 35 (1995).
R. Saraswathi, M. M. Verghese, and B. D. Malhotra, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 74, 145 (1999).
S. Aravamuthan, C. L. Clement, S. Madhavan, and K. S. V. Santhantham, J. Power Sources, 32, 1 (1990).
R. N. O’Brien, N. S. Sundaresan, and K. S. V. Santhanam, J. Electrochem. Soc., 131, 2028 (1984).
M. M. Verghese, M. K. Ram, H. Vardhan, B. D. Malhotra, and S. M. Ashraf, Polymer, 38, 1625 (1996).
D. B. Romero, M. Schaer, M. Leclerc, D. Ades, A. Siove, and L. Zuppiroli, Synth. Met., 80, 271 (1996).
S. Y. Abe, J. C. Bernede, M. A. Delvalle, Y. Tregouet, F. Ragot, F. R. Diaz, and S. Lefrant, Synth. Met., 126, 1 (2002).
K. D. Almeida, J. C. Bernede, S. Marsillac, A. Godoy, and R. F. Diaz, J. Electroanal. Chem., 248, 233 (1988).
J. H. Lee, J. W. Park, J. M. Ko, and Y. H. Chang, Polym. Bull., 31, 339 (1993).
K. R. J. Thomas, and T. L. Jiann, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123, 9404 (2001).
J. H. Lee, J. W. Park, and S. K. Choi, Synth. Met., 88, 31 (1997).
H. Meng, Z.-K. Chen, and W. H. Chen, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 6429 (1999).
C.-S. Chao, W.-T. Whang, and C.-H. Hung, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 202, 2864 (2001).
V. Rani and K. S. V. Santhanam, J. Solid State Electrochem., 2, 99 (1998).
M. Biswas, Proc. Indian natn. Sci. Acad., 61, 179 (1995).
K. Onishi, R. C. Advincula, S. M. A. Karim, T. Nakai, and T. Masuda, Polym. Prepr., Jpn., 43, 171 (2002).
J. Lubben, K. Onishi, R. Advincula, A. Baba, and W. Knoll, Polym. Prepr., Jpn., 45, 783 (2004).
Y. H. Park, H. C. Shin, Y. Lee, Y. Son, and D. H. Baik, Macromolecules, 32, 4615 (1999).
S. Deng and R. C. Advincula, Chem. Mater., 14, 4073 (2002).
G. Wang, C. Yuan, H. Wu, and Y. Wei, J. Appl. Phys., 78, 2679 (1995).
B. Hu, Z. Yang, and F. E. Karasz, J. Appl. Phys., 76, 2419 (1994).
C. Zhang, H. V. Seggern, K. Pakbaz, P. Kraabel, H. W. Schmitta, and A. J. Heeger, Synth. Met., 62, 35 (1994).
J. Kido, K. Hongawa, K. Okuyama, and K. Nagai, Appl. Phys. Lett., 64, 815 (1994).
C. Zhang, H. V. Seggern, B. Kraabel, H. W. Schmidt, and A. J. Heeger, Synth. Met., 72, 185 (1995).
E. G. Thianche, C. Sentein, A. Lorin, C. Denis, P. Raimond, and J. M. Nunzi, J. Appl. Phys., 83, 4236 (1998).
A. Baba, K. Onishi, W. Knoll, and R. C. Advincula, J. Phys. Chem. B, 108, 18949 (2004).
G. Q. Shi, S. Jin, G. Xue, and C. Li, Science, 267, 994 (1995).
G. Q. Shi, C. Li, and Y. Q. Liang, Adv. Mater., 11, 1145 (1999).
S. Jin and G. Xue, Macromolecules, 30, 5753 (1997).
X. B. Wan, Y. Lu, X. R. Liu, L. Zhou, S. Jin, and G. Xue, Chin. J. Polym. Sci., 17, 99 (1999).
S. Jin, S. X. Cong, G. Xue, H. M. Xiong, B. Mansdorf, and S. Z. D. Cheng, Adv. Mater., 14, 1492 (2002).
G. M. Nie, J. K. Xu, S. S. Zhang, X. J. Han, and S. Z. Pu, J. Appl. Electrochem., 2005, in press.
A. E. Kassmi, F. Fache, and M. Lemaire, J. Electroanal. Chem., 373, 241 (1994).
P. Tarakeshwar, S. J. Lee, J. Y. Lee, and K. S. Kim, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103, 184 (1999).
K. S. Kim, P. Tarakeshwar, and J. Y. Lee, Chem. Rev., 100, 4145 (2000).
K. Izutu, “Electrochemistry in nonaqueous solutions,” Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co., 2002.
J. Roncali, Chem. Rev., 92, 711 (1992).
A. V. Topehiev, S. V. Zavgorodnii, and Y. M. Paushkin, Boron trifluoride and its compounds as catalysts in organic chemistry, Pergamon Press: New York/Paris, 1959.
T. F. Otero and E. D. Larreta-Azelain, Polymer, 29, 1522 (1988).
P. C. Pandey and R. Prakash, J. Electrochem. Soc., 145, 4103 (1998).
C. Li, G. Q. Shi, and Y. Q. Liang, Synth. Met., 104, 113 (1999).
T. C. Chung, J. H. Kaufman, A. J. Heeger, and F. Wudl, Phys. Rev. B, 30, 702 (1984).
E. Sezer, B. Ustamehmetoğlu, and A. S. Saraç, Synth. Met., 107, 7 (1999).
P. Syed Abthagir and R. Saraswathi, Thermochim. Acta, 424, 25 (2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, J., Zhou, W., Peng, H. et al. Electrosyntheses of Freestanding and Conducting Poly[poly(N-vinyl-carbazole)] Films in Tetrahydrofuran Containing Additional Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Etherate. Polym J 38, 369–375 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.38.369
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1295/polymj.38.369
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Enhancing effect of boron trifluoride diethyl etherate electrolytes on capacitance performance of electropolymerized poly[poly(N-vinyl-carbazole)] films
Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry (2017)


