Abstract
The avian embryo has been an important model system for studying enteric nervous system (ENS) development for over 50 y. Since the initial demonstration in chick embryos that the ENS is derived from the neural crest, investigators have used the avian model to reveal the cellular origins and migratory pathways of enteric neural crest-derived cells, with more recent work focusing on the molecular mechanisms regulating ENS development. Seminal contributions have been made in this field by researchers who have taken advantage of the strengths of the avian model system. These strengths include in vivo accessibility throughout development, ability to generate quail-chick chimeras, and the capacity to modulate gene expression in vivo in a spatially and temporally targeted manner. The recent availability of the chicken genome further enhances this model system, allowing investigators to combine classic embryologic methods with current genetic techniques. The strengths and versatility of the avian embryo continue to make it a valuable experimental system for studying the development of the ENS.
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Abbreviations
- CAM:
-
chorioallantoic membrane
- Edn3:
-
endothelin-3
- EdnrB:
-
endothelin receptor B
- ENCC:
-
enteric neural crest cell
- ENS:
-
enteric nervous system
- Gdnf:
-
glial-derived neurotrophic factor
- HSCR:
-
Hirschsprung's disease
- NoR:
-
nerve of Remak
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Acknowledgements
We thank Olive Mwizerwa for her technical assistance, David Molnar for help with the illustrations, Drucilla Roberts for her guidance, and Alan Burns and Amanda Barlow for their critical reading of the manuscript.
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Supported by NIH K08HD46655 and the American Pediatric Surgical Association Foundation (to A.M.G.) and a grant from the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (K-69061) and a Young Investigator Award from Semmelweis University (to N.N).
Developmental Biology: Model Systems - A Series of Reviews
This is the first of five review articles that will focus on model organisms currently being studied to understand developmental mechanisms. In this review, Drs. Goldstein and Nagy focus on the avian embryo model system to decipher the development of the enteric nervous system. The strengths and versatility of the avian embryo model system have allowed seminal discoveries in the fields of cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating development.
Sherin U. Devaskar
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Goldstein, A., Nagy, N. A Bird's Eye View of Enteric Nervous System Development: Lessons From the Avian Embryo. Pediatr Res 64, 326–333 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31818535e8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e31818535e8
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