Table 1 Characteristics of participants
From: Host genetic factors of COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity in a Thai population
Characteristics | Individuals with the negative PCR test result | Individuals with the positive PCR test result | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mild | Moderate | Severe | Critical | ||
N | 36 | 139 | 34 | 27 | 12 |
Gender (Male/Female), (n) | 15/21 | 44/95 | 10/24 | 13/14 | 8/4 |
Age (years), (mean ± standard deviation) | 45 ± 20 | 34 ± 11 | 42 ± 12 | 49 ± 17 | 51 ± 12 |
The onset of disease (days) | 4 (1–6) | 4 (2–6) | 5 (3–7) | 3 (2–6) | 6 (5–7) |
Concomitant disease (n(%)) | |||||
Diabetes mellitus | 4 (11.1) | 7 (5.0) | 5 (14.7) | 5 (18.5) | 6 (50.0) |
Hypertension | 11 (30.6) | 8 (5.8) | 1 (2.9) | 7 (25.9) | 3 (25.0) |
Dyslipidemia | 8 (22.2) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (11.1) | 4 (33.3) |
Chronic kidney disease | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Cardiovascular diseases | 13 (36.1) | 7 (5.0) | 3 (8.8) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (41.7) |
Lung disease | 1 (2.8) | 2 (1.4) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (14.8) | 0 (0.0) |
Liver disease | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (7.4) | 2 (16.7) |
Immunocompromise host | 3 (8.3) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 1 (3.7) | 2 (16.7) |
Cancer | 1 (2.8) | 1 (0.7) | 2 (5.9) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (8.3) |
Symptoms and signs at admission (n(%)) | |||||
Fever | 28 (77.8) | 71 (51.1) | 30 (88.2) | 18 (66.7) | 9 (75.0) |
Cough | 30 (83.3) | 82 (59.0) | 28 (82.4) | 18 (66.7) | 10 (83.3) |
Sore throat | 11 (30.6) | 61 (43.9) | 20 (58.8) | 10 (37.0) | 5 (41.7) |
Runny nose | 16 (44.4) | 56 (40.3) | 15 (44.1) | 6 (22.2) | 5 (41.7) |
Dyspnea | 15 (41.7) | 31 (22.3) | 14 (41.2) | 14 (51.9) | 9 (75.0) |
Anosmia | 1 (2.8) | 31 (22.3) | 8 (23.5) | 2 (7.4) | 1 (8.3) |
Dysuria | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (16.7) |
Hematuria | 7 (19.4) | 4 (2.9) | 5 (14.7) | 4 (14.8) | 5 (41.7) |
Proteinuria | 8 (22.2) | 4 (2.9) | 4 (11.8) | 8 (29.6) | 8 (66.7) |
Lung involvement (n(%)) | |||||
None | 17 (47.2) | 127 (91.4) | 2 (5.9) | 1 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) |
Focal | 10 (27.8) | 7 (5.0) | 12 (35.3) | 5 (18.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Bilateral | 9 (25.0) | 5 (3.6) | 20 (58.8) | 21 (77.8) | 12 (100.0) |
Medications | |||||
Favipiravir (n(%)) | – | 8 (5.6) | 17 (50.0) | 26 (96.3) | 11 (91.7) |
Time to starting favipiravir since admission (days) | – | 0 (0–1) | 2 (0–5) | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) |
Duration of favipiravir treatment (days) | – | 5 (5–5) | 5 (5–5) | 10 (10–10) | 14 (10–14) |
Remdesivir (n(%)) | – | – | – | 1 (3.7) | 1 (8.3) |
Time to starting remdesivir since admission (days) | – | – | – | 3 | 5 |
Duration of remdesivir treatment (days) | – | – | – | 10 | 10 |
Outcome of disease | |||||
Time to clinical response (days) | – | 3 (2–3) | 6 (5–8) | 8 (6–12) | 19 (11–44) |
Length of hospital stay before transferring to hospitel or discharge (days) | 2 (1–2) | 5 (3–9) | 8 (5–10) | 13 (10–16) | 22 (16–41) |
Type of discharge (n(%)) | |||||
Home | 36 (100.0) | 139 (100.0) | 33 (97.1) | 27 (100.0) | 10 (83.3) |
Refer back to other hospitals | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) |
Still in hospital | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) |
