Fig. 4

Effect of physical activity across different PGS stratifications. Obesity risk was evaluated in relation to physical activity across different PGS stratifications. The activity level was derived from a self-administered questionnaire and stratified into quintiles (Q1–Q5). Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression with adjustments for age and sex. The ORs in trend analysis are depicted above the bars, accompanied by a 95% confidence interval in square brackets. To account for the detected heterogeneity between cohorts (†, p < 0.05), the random effects model was employed for meta-analysis. The error bars indicate 95% confidence interval. PGS polygenic score, TMM Tohoku Medical Megabank, MET metabolic equivalent. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.005, *** p < 0.0005