Table 2 An overview of research into EV uptake routes
From: Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics: natural versus engineered targeting and trafficking
Cell types | Study method summary | Implicated uptake route(s) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
PC12 cell donor to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cell recipient | K+depletion and siRNA-mediated knockdown to inhibit key proteins involved in specific uptake routes. | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis | |
U87 glioblastoma cell donor to human umbilical vein endothelial cell, mouse embryonic fibroblast and U87 cell recipients | Chemical inhibition of cholesterol synthesis to inhibit lipid raft formation. | Lipid raft-dependent endocytosis | |
Mutu -, Mutu I, and Mutu III donors to various epithelial cell line recipients | Chemical inhibition of endocytosis, caveolin knockdown and determination of the co-localization of labeled EVs with tagged components of endocytosis. | Clathrin-independent endocytosis | |
A431 cell donor to HeLa cell recipient | Chemical inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, tyrosine kinases, Na+/H+ exchange and phosphoinositide 3-kinase. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of various key proteins involved in specific endocytosis pathways was also employed. | Clathrin-independent endocytosis and macropinocytosis | |
HeLa cell donor to MIA PaCa-2, A431, and BxPC-3 cell recipients | Activation of macropinocytosis via stimulation of EGFR, CXCR4 and oncogenic Ras. | Macropinocytosis | |
Oli-neu cell donor to primary mouse oligodendrocyte, cortical neuron, astrocyte and microglial recipients | Chemical inhibition of macropinocytosis. | Macropinocytosis | |
DU145 cell donor to HeLa cell and primary lung fibroblast recipients | Chemical inhibitors of endocytosis and siRNA-mediated knockdown of key proteins involved in specific endocytosis pathways. | Macropinocytosis and fluid-phase endocytosis | |
H4 neuroglioma cell donor to H4 neuroglioma and Chinese hamster ovary cell recipients | Chemical inhibition of macropinocytosis and clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis | None | |
K562 and MT4 cell donors to Raw264.7 and NIH 3T3 cell recipients | Chemical inhibition of phagocytosis and siRNA-mediated knockdown of key proteins involved in phagocytosis. | Phagocytosis |
