Fig. 4: The effect of rapamycin on the migration and tube formation ability of senescent CPCs.

a The migration ability of the senescent hCPCs was evaluated after prolonged rapamycin treatment via transwell migration assays. b The expression of cell migration-related markers such as FN1, HGF, and IGF1 was assessed in senescent hCPCs after prolonged rapamycin treatment by qRT-PCR (**p ≤ 0.01, vs. young, ##p ≤ 0.01, vs. senescent, n = 3). c Tube formation ability was assessed in the young and senescent hCPCs after prolonged rapamycin treatment by Matrigel tube formation assay (***p ≤ 0.001 vs. young, #p, vs. senescent, n = 3). d Immunofluorescence was performed with antibodies against smooth muscle α-actin (α-SMA). e Analysis of smooth muscle cell marker CNN1 in young and senescent hCPCs after prolonged rapamycin treatment by qRT-PCR (**p ≤ 0.01, vs. undifferentiated, ***p ≤ 0.001, vs. undifferentiated, #p, vs. young, $p, vs. senescent, n = 3). f Expression of cTnI after induced myogenic differentiation was investigated by western blotting. Error bars indicate SEM.