Fig. 4: miR-19b enhances fracture healing via the KLF5/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting WWP1 or Smurf2.

Primary human BMSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors followed by induction of osteogenic differentiation for 7 days. a The expression level of miR-19b and mRNA levels of WWP1 and Smurf2 were measured by qPCR. *p < 0.05 versus the mimic-NC + sh-NC group, NS p > 0.05 versus the miR-19b mimic + sh-NC group. b–c Western blot analysis of the protein levels of KLF5 (b), β-catenin (b), WWP1 (c), and Smurf2 (d), with β-actin as the internal reference protein. *p < 0.05 versus the mimic-NC + sh-NC group, ^#p < 0.05 versus the miR-19b mimic + oe-NC, ^&p < 0.05 versus the miR-19b mimic + sh-NC group, NS p > 0.05. d Western blot analysis of the protein levels of Runx2, ALP, and Collagen I, with β-actin as the internal reference protein. *p < 0.05 versus the mimic-NC + sh-NC group, ^#p < 0.05 versus the miR-19b mimic + sh-NC group. e Quantitative analysis of ARS staining and ALP staining was performed to determine the degree of cell mineralization. The experimental results are measurement data and are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation values. For multiple comparisons, one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. The experiment was repeated 3 times.