Fig. 4: Schematic diagram illustrating the possible role of ILC2s in modulating the gut-brain axis. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 4: Schematic diagram illustrating the possible role of ILC2s in modulating the gut-brain axis.

From: The role of meningeal populations of type II innate lymphoid cells in modulating neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

Fig. 4

For example, IL-5 and IL-10 are readily induced by ILC2s in IBS. Released cytokines in the intestines can travel from peripheral systems into the brain through either the blood vasculature or lymphatic vessels or through secondary activation from roaming macrophage populations. In Parkinson’s disease and IBS, serum levels of IL-5 are increased155,128. In IBS, IL-10 levels are increased. Similarly, IL-10 levels have been shown to induce CRF and ACTH release145. It is likely that the ILC2 release of downstream cytokines can highly modulate both systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, thereby explaining a possible route for gut-brain communication. Illustration created in part with BioRender.com.

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