Table 1 Components of energy expenditure.
From: Hypothalamic control of energy expenditure and thermogenesis
% approx. | Component | Subcomponent | Definition | Major site | Related hypothalamic nucleus | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
70 | Resting metabolic rate | Standard metabolic rate | The amount of energy at rest in a thermoneutral environment | Skeletal muscle | PVN, ARC, VMH | Obligatory |
Thermic effect of food | The heat generated during the digestion, absorption, processing of food | Gastrointestinal tract | ||||
20 | Energy expenditure for physical activity | Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) | The heat generated by spontaneous physical activity (SPA) | Skeletal muscle | LH, PVN, ARC, VMH | Obligatory or Facultative |
Exercise activity thermogenesis | The heat generated by exercise | Facultative | ||||
10 | Diet-induced thermogenesis | – | The heat produced in response to excess caloric intake | BAT | ARC, VMH, POA, DMH | Facultative |
Variable | Cold-induced thermogenesis | Shivering thermogenesis (ST) | The heat for protecting the organism from cold exposure by shivering | Skeletal muscle | POA, DMH, VMH, PVN | Facultative |
Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) | The heat generated to adapt to cold | BAT | Obligatory or Facultative |
