Fig. 2: Analysis of the gut microbiome showed substantial alterations post-surgery due to differences in the level of immunological experience.

The gut microbiota was analyzed in the cecum and sequenced by 16 S rRNA. a The microbiome diversity was significantly decreased post-surgery due to antibiotic treatment at the time of surgery. The reconstitution of the microbiome was significantly slower in the immunoaged group, whereas the aged mice reached presurgery levels 21 days post-surgery. b Phylogenic analysis revealed a strong dominance of Proteobacteria 3 days post-surgery. c Bacterial families significantly differed between immunoaged and aged mice pre-surgery as well as 21 days post-surgery. N = 3-4 per group; box-and-whisker plot with a line at the median and bar plots; Welch’s t-test.