Fig. 3: Validation of the IFN-γ signature according to COVID-19 severity in CHIP (+) individuals.

a Violin plots presenting distributions of signature scores in individual cells for CHIP (+) upregulated genes in classical monocytes (Fig. 1e). CHIP (+) uninfected donors, n = 482; CHIP (+) mild COVID-19, n = 2163; CHIP (+) severe COVID-19, n = 4408. A two-sided Kolmogorov‒Smirnov test was performed. b UMAP showing subclusters in classical monocytes from all CHIP (+) individuals (left), uninfected donors (top right), mild COVID-19 (middle right), and severe COVID-19 (bottom right). c Violin plots showing the distributions of scores for DEGs between IFN-γ-LPS and untreated human macrophages (top) and DEGs between TNF-α-IFN-γ cotreated and untreated conditions (bottom) in each cell from each cluster. Cluster 1, n = 3543; Cluster 2, n = 2636; Cluster 3, n = 385; Cluster 4, n = 272; Cluster 5, n = 217.