Fig. 1: The identification of circCDYL2.

a Volcano plot showing the differentially expressed circRNAs between the Ctrl and HF groups. The black dot indicates circCDYL2. b Upper: qRT-PCT analysis of the expression level of 22 filtered circRNAs in NRCMs; Lower: Heatmap showing the relative expression of 22 circRNAs in 2 groups according to RNA-seq data. Data are expressed as the mean ± s.d., n = 3. c, d qRT-PCR analysis of circCDYL2 in failing hearts (c) and OGD-treated NRCMs (d). Data are expressed as the mean ± s.d., n = 3, *p < 0.01. e Schematic of circCDYL2 derived from the Cdyl2 gene (upper) and the results of Sanger sequencing (lower left) and RNase R digestion (lower right). f Northern blot analysis of circCDYL2 in NRCMs treated with RNase R using a probe targeting its junction. g Upper: Immunoblot of β-tubulin (marker of cytoplasm) and H-3 (marker of nucleus); Lower: qRT‒PCR analysis of the relative expression of circCDYL2 in the nucleus (0.054) and cytoplasm (1). Data are expressed as the mean ± s.d., n = 3. h FISH assay of circCDYL2 in NRCMs with probes targeting the junction conjugated with PE (phycoerythrin). Scale bar = 10 µm. i Semiquantitative PCR (F1/R1) analysis of the distribution of circCDYL2 in diverse organs. j Conservation analysis of the CDYL2 protein in different species.