Fig. 4: Histone modifications in cancer.

Histone tails can be posttranslationally modified by various molecules in the presence of enzymes. Examples include histone methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, glycosylation, guanylation, succinate, SUMO, and ubiquitination. These histone posttranslational modifications are involved in protein expression and degradation, changes in enzymatic activity, signaling, energy production, the immune response, and various other cancer cell activities.