Fig. 1: USP15 is upregulated in fatty livers.

a, b The mRNA and protein levels of USP15 in the liver from mice fed a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks (n = 4/group). c Representative images of mouse normal and NAFLD liver tissues with low and high immunohistochemical staining for USP15. Hepatic steatosis was visualized with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Scale bar indicates 100 μm. d The level of USP15 mRNA in the livers of individuals without NAFLD (normal) or with NAFLD (n = 5/group). e Representative immunohistochemical staining for USP15 in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded liver tissues. H&E staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human liver samples diagnosed as normal, NAFLD, and NASH is shown at the top of the image. Scale bar indicates 100 μm. f USP15 levels were significantly increased in NAFLD (p = 0.041) and NASH (p = 0.001) specimens compared to those in normal controls. g Positive correlation between USP15 levels and serum AST concentrations and serum ALT concentrations and BMI. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 compared to the NFD or normal group.