Fig. 4: How to modulate the immunogenicity of LNPs. | Experimental & Molecular Medicine

Fig. 4: How to modulate the immunogenicity of LNPs.

From: Immunogenicity of lipid nanoparticles and its impact on the efficacy of mRNA vaccines and therapeutics

Fig. 4

Even a slight modifications can change the properties of an LNP. A Altering the molar ratio of PEG or adjusting the formulation rate changes the size of the LNP in the formulation. B The charge of the LNP is modified by replacing or adding phospholipids to a charged lipid. C Moreover, there are techniques for altering PEG lipids. D To improve the efficacy of mRNA-LNP vaccines, adjuvants are being introduced. Adjuvants can be used to enhance the effectiveness of further immunizations. E There are several methods for administering mRNA-LNP vaccines, including intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), intradermal (ID), subcutaneous (SC), and intranasal (IN). An appropriate route of administration must be determined based on an understanding of the anatomy of the inoculation site and the induced immune action.

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