Fig. 1: WTAP was upregulated in TNF-α-induced chondrocytes and osteoarthritic cartilage.

a Relative mRNA expression of m6A methylases (METLL3, METLL4, VIRMA, FTO, ALKBH5, and WTAP) measured by qRT‒PCR in osteoarthritic (n = 6) vs. uninjured cartilage tissues (n = 7). b Relative mRNA expression of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, MMP13, IL-6, IL-8, and iNOS measured by qRT‒PCR in human chondrocytes with or without TNF-α treatment (50 ng/mL). c, d Western blotting (c) and quantitative analysis (d) of ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, and MMP13 in human chondrocytes with or without TNF-α treatment (50 ng/mL). e DCFH-DA staining for ROS levels in chondrocytes treated with TNF-α (50 ng/mL). Scale bar: 200 µm. f Relative mRNA expression levels of m6A methylases (METLL3, METLL4, VIRMA, FTO, ALKBH5, and WTAP) measured by qRT‒PCR in chondrocytes with or without TNF-α treatment (50 ng/mL). g, h Western blotting (g) and corresponding quantitative analysis (h) of WTAP protein expression in osteoarthritic cartilage. Data are presented as the means ± SEMs. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ns, not significant.