Fig. 2: Autophagic defects in β-cell lipotoxicity.
From: Regulation of autophagy by perilysosomal calcium: a new player in β-cell lipotoxicity
Both hyperactivation and inhibition of autophagy reduce the cellular functions and survival of pancreatic islets. Activation of mTOR signaling by AMPK inhibition in β-cell lipotoxicity suppresses the activities of mitophagy, ER-phagy, and lipophagy, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and defective insulin secretion.
