Fig. 5: Identification of extrinsic stimuli that induce karyoptosis.
From: Dysregulated CREB3 cleavage at the nuclear membrane induces karyoptosis-mediated cell death
a Western blot showing that UVB exposure increases the endogenous protein levels of CREB3-FL and CREB3-CF. b Western blot analyses revealing that ER stress, induced by vesicle trafficking inhibitors such as brefeldin A and golgicide A, leads to increased cleavage of CREB3-FL and subsequent production of CREB3-CF. c Western blot results indicating that ER stress, triggered by elevated levels of Ca2+ and ROS, moderately increases the protein levels of CREB3-FL and CREB3-CF, while the inhibition of glycosylation does not have this effect. d Western blot analyses showing that direct DNA damage caused by cisplatin and doxorubicin, but not oxaliplatin, slightly increases CREB3-CF protein levels without affecting CREB3-FL protein levels. e Western blot analyses illustrating the changes in the protein levels of CREB3-FL and CREB3-CF over time following washout of BFA. f TEM images demonstrating that BFA damages the nuclear membrane. g ICF image revealing that both overexpressed and endogenous S1P are localized not only to the cytoplasm but also to the nuclear membrane.
