Fig. 4: Changes in the molecular signatures and cellular processes of microglia and macrophages across the four different groups.
a Number of significant DEGs between Exo-Naïve-treated old vs. young mice and Exo-srIκB-treated vs. Exo-Naïve-treated old mice in each immune cell type. Significant DEGs were defined as genes with a Benjamini‒Hochberg (BH)-adjusted p-value < 0.05 and an absolute value of log2-fold change > 0.5 between the two compared groups. b Violin plots display the scores of selected molecular signatures across the four groups. The interferon response score was calculated within MG2. The microglial activation score was calculated for MG1A. The macrophage activation score was calculated for all states of macrophages. *** indicates an adjusted p-value < 0.001, and ns indicates no statistical significance (one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s multiple comparison correction) between two compared groups. c Gene Ontology (GO) terms that were enriched among the significantly upregulated DEGs in the microglia and macrophages from the old Exo-Naïve-treated mice compared with those in the microglia and macrophages from the young Exo-Naïve-treated mice. The dot color and size represent the p-value and gene ratio, respectively. The top 10 GO terms, according to the gene ratio with BH-adjusted p-values < 0.05, are listed. d GO terms that were enriched among significantly downregulated DEGs in microglia and macrophages from old Exo-srIκB-treated mice compared with those from old Exo-Naïve-treated mice. The top 10 GO terms, according to the gene ratio with BH-adjusted p-values < 0.05, are listed.
