Fig. 5: Nonenzymatic lactylation at lysine and cysteine residues.
From: Protein lactylation in cancer: mechanisms and potential therapeutic implications
a LGSH from the GLO pathway modifies protein lysine residues nonenzymatically to produce d-lactyllysine. This modification primarily occurs in glycolytic enzymes and inhibits their activity to form negative feedback. b G3P from glycolysis modifies cysteine residues (s-lactylation) of KEAP1, which liberates NRF2. Dissociated NRF2 translocates into the nucleus and induces NRF2-dependent gene expression. D-Kla, d-lysine lactylation.
