Fig. 2: The upregulation of miR-181a-5p in activated HSCs blocks HGF expression.

a A heat map displaying the expression patterns of miRNAs in control and TGF-β-treated HSCs. The upregulated genes are shown in red, and the downregulated genes are shown in blue (n = 3 independent cell samples). b RT‒qPCR results showing the levels of differential miRNA expression in the HSC lines of each group (n = 3 independent cell samples). c RT‒qPCR results showing the levels of differential miRNA expression in the liver tissue of each group (n = 3 independent biological mice samples). d FISH results showing the localization of miR-181a-5p (red) in control and TGF-β-treated HSCs. Scale bar, 20 μm. e A schematic diagram of the construction of luciferase reporter plasmids with mutant and WT HGF sequences. f The luciferase activity of WT and mutant HGFs was detected by luciferase reporter assays after cotransfection with either the miR-181a-5p or control mimics (n = 3 independent experiments). g, h RT‒qPCR (g) and ELISA (h) results showing the levels of HGF in each HSC treatment group (n = 3 independent cell experiments). The statistical data are presented as mean ± s.d., and the error bars represent the means of three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by a Student’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. n.s., no significance.