Fig. 1: Dysregulated expression of lipid metabolism-related genes in NP tissues.

a Integrative transcriptomic profiling utilizing datasets GSE136825 and HRA000772. The schematic depicts the integrated analysis approach combining bulk RNA-seq dataset GSE136825, comparing IT tissues from healthy controls (n = 28) to NP tissues from CRSwNP (n = 42), and the scRNA-seq dataset HRA000772, differentiating NP tissues from ECRSwNP (n = 6) and nECRSwNP (n = 5). Diagrams created using BioRender (https://biorender.com/). b Volcano plot demonstrating the transcriptomic expression differences between healthy and CRSwNP in the GSE136825 dataset. Genes with a significant false discovery rate <0.05 and a >2-fold difference in expression level with an average FPKM >2 are represented by colored dots (red, upregulated genes in CRSwNP; blue, downregulated genes in CRSwNP; yellow, lipid metabolic process-related genes). c GO enrichment analysis of 552 upregulated (top) and 419 downregulated (bottom) genes in CRSwNP versus healthy controls using Metascape. d GO analysis of the 38 upregulated genes associated with lipid metabolic processes from the 552 upregulated genes in CRSwNP. e Heat maps showing upregulated genes in CRSwNP involved in lipid metabolic processes (left) and ROS metabolic processes (right). Values are z scores. f Expression levels of representative genes associated with lipid metabolic processes (left) and ROS metabolic processes (right) in healthy controls and patients with CRSwNP. The error bars represent mean values ± s.d. P values determined by Welch’s t-test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001.