Table 2 LncRNAs binding with enzymes of protein modifications.
From: Long noncoding RNAs regulating enzymatic reactions in cancer
Protein modifications | LncRNAs | Proteins or enzymes | Methods to study binding with lncRNAs | Molecular mechanisms | Cancer phenotypes | Cancer types | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phosphorylation | LINP1 | eIF2α | RNA-affinity pull-down–MS, RIP | Suppresses phosphorylation catalyzed by the PERK | Promotes cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo | Cutaneous squamous cancer | |
CamK-A | PNCK | RNA-affinity pull-down–MS, in vitro RNA pull-down with recombinant PNCK and IκBα, RIP, in vitro kinase assays | Binds and promotes the phosphorylation of IκBα | Promotes cell proliferation, invasion, metabolic adaptation in vitro | Breast cancer | ||
Ubiquitination | HOTAIR | DZIP3-Ataxin-1 and MEX3B-SNP | RIP, in vitro RNA pull-down | Interacts with substrates Ataxin-1 or Snurportin and degrades the proteins rapidly | Promotes cellular senescence | Fibroblast, cervical cancer | |
SUMOylation | PSTAR | hnRNP K | RNA-affinity pull-down–MS, RIP, co-IP, luciferase reporter assays | Protects ubiquitination of p53 | Inhibits cell proliferation in vitro | Hepatocellular cancer |
