Table 1 Pyroptosis-based therapy in IDD.
From: Pyroptosis: mechanism and therapeutic strategies with intervertebral disc degeneration
Classification | Compound | Experimental models(stimuli) | Function | Signaling pathway | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural molecules | KA | Rat NPC(TBHP); rat NPC(puncture) | PANoptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, ROS↓ | TAK1 ↑, PI3K/AKT/NF-κB ↓ | |
Morin | Rat NPC(TNF)；mice NPC(spinous process resection) | pyroptosis ↓ | TXNIP/NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β ↓ | ||
Paeoniflorin | Rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, intracellular calcium concentration ↓ | NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1 P20/GSDMD-N ↓ | ||
Maltol | Rat NPC(IL-1β)；mice NPC(spinal instability) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, inflammation ↓ | PI3K/AKT/NF-κB ↓, NLRP3 ↓ | ||
Endogenous small molecules | APN | Human NPC(LPS) | pyroptosis ↓, LDH ↓ | miR-135a-5p ↑, TXNIP/NLRP3 ↓ | |
Kindlin-2 | Human NPC(Kindlin-2 deletion)；rat NPC(puncture) | apoptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, inflammation ↓ | NLRP3/IL-1β ↓ | ||
GDF-5 | Human NPMSC(LPS) | pyroptosis ↓, chondroid differentiation ↑, inflammation ↓ | RhoA ↑ | ||
MFG-E8 | Human NPC(H2O2)；rat NPC(H2O2, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, ROS ↓, mitochondrial dysfunction ↓ | PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 ↑, TXNIP/NLRP3 ↓ | ||
BMP7 | Rat NPC(STZ) | pyroptosis ↓, inflammation ↓ | NLRP3 ↓ | ||
SIRT1 | Human NPC(IL-1β)；rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, mitophagy ↑, ROS ↓ | PINK1/Parkin ↑, NLRP3 ↓ | ||
PDGF-BB | Human NPC(IL-1β)；rat NPC(LSI) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, glycolytic enzymes ↑, mitochondrial function ↑ | PDGFR-β/TXNIP/NLRP3 ↓ | ||
Melatonin | Human NPC(IL-1β, TNF, LPS)；rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓ | IL-1β/NF-κB-NLRP3 | ||
Medicine | Verapamil | Rat NPC(TBHP, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, apoptosis ↓, ROS ↓ | Nrf2 ↑, TXNIP/NLRP3 ↓ | |
Rosuvastatin | Rat NPC(TNF, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, senescence ↓ | HMGB1-NF-κB ↓ | ||
Stem cell and EVs | hASC-EV | Human NPC(LPS); rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, autophagy ↑, catabolism ↓ | TGFβR2 ↓, Akt/mTOR↑ | |
hESC-EV | Human NPC(H2O2)；rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓ | miR-302c/NLRP3 ↓ | ||
PRP-EV | Human NPC(TBHP); rat NPC(H2O2, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓, inflammation ↓ | MALAT1/microRNA-217/SIRT1 ↑, miR-141-3p/NRF2/KEAP1 ↑ | ||
hucMSC-EV | Human NPC(METTL14 overexpression) | pyroptosis ↓ | miR-26a-5p/METTL14/NLRP3/caspase-1 ↓ | ||
Cavin-2-engineered BMSC-EV | Human NPC(TNF)；rat NPC | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓ | – | ||
Bioactive materials | dECM@exo | Rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, catabolism ↓ | – | |
dECM/M2-sEVs | Human NPC(H2O2)；rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓ | miR-221-3p/PTEN/NLRP3 ↓ | ||
siDDIT4@G5-P-HA | Rat NPC(H2O2, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓ | ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3↓ | ||
FG@PEV | Rat NPC(LPS + ATP, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓, catabolism ↓, free fatty acid metabolism ↑ | – | ||
PEG-PIB | Human NPPC | pyroptosis ↓ | COX2/NF-κB/caspase-1 ↓ | ||
PG@Cu-FP | Rat NPC(H2O2, puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓, apoptosis ↓, catabolism ↓ | Nod-like receptor ↓ | ||
MCDs | Human NPC(H2O2)；rat NPC(puncture) | pyroptosis ↓, ROS ↓, catabolism ↓, mitochondrial function ↑ | – |
